6 CONTEXT 185 : SEPTEMBER 2025 Poland, Ukraine and Romania, but not yet the UK. It is noted that in Slovenia, for example, nearly 5,000 mills existed historically, but their potential remains largely untapped due to administrative and ecological challenges. The partnership is demonstrating that watermills are not merely heritage assets but modern, sustainable energy solutions capable of delivering local renewable power as part of a balanced and equitable management within river basins. C20 We can thank the Scottish Heritage protection system for the 30-year rule regarding eligibility of modern buildings for listing, eventually adopted in England. The latest issue of C20, the magazine of the Twentieth Century Society (No 1, 2025) notes that while we are yet to see any 21st century buildings listed anywhere in the UK, Historic Environment Scotland (HES) has added an extraordinary site significantly over that threshold to its inventory of gardens and designed landscapes. This is Crawick Multiverse in Dumfries and Galloway, designated in April 2024, just seven years after its completion. Designed by Charles Jencks, it was constructed between 2011 and 2017 across 22.5 hectares. Protection, enthusiastically supported by the society, has arisen out of a pioneering and continuing project examining designed landscapes of the recent past. This initiative intends to identify, recognise and celebrate Scotland’s modern gardens and designed landscape heritage from 1945 to the early 2000s. The society notes that the examples identified so far are all cherished by their owners, well looked after and unlikely to be threatened by either neglect or major plans for change any time soon, so designation has been broadly welcomed. There are, nevertheless, a number of other key landscapes, notably in Scotland’s new towns, where HES says it currently has no designation assessment worked planned. Repurposing modern historic commercial buildings can often be problematic, but a major mid20th-century building in central London by Richard Seifert, Space House (the former headquarters of the Civil Aviation Authority and once occupied by CABE), has recently successfully been rehabilitated. The beautifully and thoroughly illustrated article by Catherine Slessor notes that alongside Space House only two other buildings by Seifert and Partners are listed: London’s Centre Point (1961–66) since 1995, and Birmingham‘s Alpha Tower (1970–72) since 2014. They and Space House are all listed Grade II. The spring issue of C20 also has articles by authors of new books on architecture of the period. Kathryn Ferry discusses coverage of her book based on vintage British seaside postcards, observing that a little rose-tinted nostalgia is not necessarily a bad thing. John Barr explains the coverage of his new book on the optimistic 1960s, which marked a heady period of opportunity for British universities, and explores how a radical wave of architecture reflected that vision. The Georgian The Georgian, the magazine of the Georgian Group (Issue 1, 2025), continues to highlight the important issue of what should constitute an appropriate approach to the repairs following the disastrous fire that swept through the National Trust’s country house Clandon Park in 2015, and whether (at the time of writing) the secretary of state will call in the controversial scheme for a public inquiry. The Georgians considered the initial approach to reinstatement and repair to be flawed, and they continue to maintain that the scheme is both harmful and intrusive. They illustrate the coverage of the issue in national media. An inquiry would be invaluable, not least in exploring the wider issues of the underpinning philosophy of repair. Each issue devotes an impressive amount of space to statutory casework (19 pages in this issue) demonstrating the importance of authoritative expert advice to local planning authorities set out in paragraphs 207 and 208 of the NPPF, and the importance of the statutory casework grant in the light of the government’s review of the statutory consultee system. Also of interest is an article by Nigel Hankin on ‘Turban Domes and Lofty Pinnacles’. Hankin addresses the Indian influences on late-Georgian buildings beyond the most obvious example of the Royal Pavilion, Brighton. Such influences were driven by Thomas Daniell (1749–1840) and his
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